[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1″ _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.4″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#F6F1E8″ custom_padding=\u00bb||26px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.7″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb12px||75px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.7″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text module_class=\u00bbintro\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.13.1″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb28px\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.7″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_css_main_element=\u00bbcolumn-count:2;\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]Un Arboretum no es un jard\u00edn ya que prima la conservaci\u00f3n en un ambiente pr\u00f3ximo del natural, sin artificios ni ordenamientos florales, preservando el biotopo de la zona; aunque se introduzcan variedades exogenas \u00e9stas deber\u00e1n pertenecer al mismo nicho ecol\u00f3gico que en el caso del Arboretum de Galicia es el del tipo Atl\u00e1ntico templado. Un arboreto es un estadio intermedio entre un Parque Natural y un jard\u00edn urbano, tanto del punto de vista del ordenamiento, la facilidad de acceso, la biodiversidad y sus dimensiones.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1″ make_equal=\u00bbon\u00bb custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.10″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#3A4A54″ width_tablet=\u00bb100%\u00bb width_phone=\u00bb\u00bb width_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb10px|10px|10px|10px|true|true\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_2″ _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.7″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb|3%||3%|false|true\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text quote_border_weight=\u00bb0px\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.10″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb quote_font=\u00bb|300|on||||||\u00bb quote_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb quote_font_size=\u00bb24px\u00bb quote_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb45px|||||\u00bb scroll_vertical_motion=\u00bb0|50|50|100|-1|0|1″ border_color_bottom=\u00bb#A87B25″ global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n
\nO termo arboreto significa literalmente en lat\u00edn 'lugar plantado con \u00e1rbores', pero o seu significado vai m\u00e1is al\u00e1 do concepto inicial e p\u00f3dese definir hoxe como un parque consagrado ao cultivo experimental, non lucrativo, de \u00e1rbores e arbustos co obxectivo de estudalos e servir como instrumento pedag\u00f3xico.<\/span><\/p>\n
O Arboretum de Galicia s\u00f3 pretende ser un refuxio que lle ofrece a oportunidade ao visitante de gozar dun paseo nun espazo dedicado \u00e1 biodiversidade e acceder ao co\u00f1ecemento de especies le\u00f1osas pouco com\u00fans.<\/p>\n
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Un pouco de historia<\/h2>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.7″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bb|600|||||||\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_3_font_size=\u00bb26px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||23px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n
Os \u00abxard\u00edns de aclimataci\u00f3n\u00bb<\/h3>\n
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O termo arboreto utilizouno por vez primeira en 1838 o bot\u00e1nico escoc\u00e9s John Claudius Loudon no seu libro enciclop\u00e9dico Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum, malia o concepto ser co\u00f1ecido desde hab\u00eda tempo. O primeiro arboreto en ser dese\u00f1ado e plantado como tal foi o Arboretum Trsteno, cerca de Dubrovnik, en Croacia. Desco\u00f1\u00e9cese a s\u00faa data de inicio, pero xa se te\u00f1en noticias da s\u00faa existencia en 1492.<\/p>\n
\nOs \u00abxard\u00edns de aclimataci\u00f3n\u00bb foron un elemento fundamental nos procesos de adaptaci\u00f3n e multiplicaci\u00f3n de vexetais con interese alimentario, forestal, industrial ou para a xardiner\u00eda.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
Esta especializaci\u00f3n na aclimataci\u00f3n evolucionou posteriormente cara aos xard\u00edns bot\u00e1nicos cunha especializaci\u00f3n no cultivo de especies es\u00f3xenas, en moitos casos tropicais, cunha estrutura de xard\u00edn, m\u00e1is intensa e artificial. Unha gran parte dos parques urbanos en Europa foron no seu d\u00eda arboretos, os cales, coa expansi\u00f3n das cidades, se transformaron paulatinamente en xard\u00edns e, en paralelo, perd\u00edan o seu car\u00e1cter experimental e, paradoxalmente, a s\u00faa vocaci\u00f3n pedag\u00f3xica. A pesar do valor dalg\u00fans exemplares senlleiros dos nosos xard\u00edns, moi poucas \u00e1rbores est\u00e1n debidamente etiquetadas e son raros os xard\u00edns que organizan visitas guiadas.<\/p>\n
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Nos anos posteriores \u00e1 Segunda Guerra Mundial renace o interese polos arboretos en Europa, pero non as\u00ed en Espa\u00f1a. Nos principais pa\u00edses europeos existen numerosos e magn\u00edficos arboretos: m\u00e1is dun cento por pa\u00eds no Reino Unido, Francia, Holanda, Alema\u00f1a ou B\u00e9lxica, mentres que en Espa\u00f1a non chegan \u00e1 decena. En Galicia existen excelentes xard\u00edns, principalmente en pazos, a maior\u00eda situados na zona costeira, e merecen unha maior divulgaci\u00f3n e reco\u00f1ecemento.\u00a0<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
NOTA:<\/strong> Un elemento fundamental e diferenciador que caracteriza os arboretos fronte a outras formaci\u00f3ns vexetais \u00e9 o seu car\u00e1cter pedag\u00f3xico: sinalizaci\u00f3ns e etiquetaxes exhaustivas son condici\u00f3ns necesarias para a s\u00faa consideraci\u00f3n como arboreto.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n
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Clasificaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n
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Tradicionalmente os arboretos clasific\u00e1banse en catro categor\u00edas:<\/h3>\n
[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.4″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb30px||25px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_2″ _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.4″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.7″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n
Arboretos de colecci\u00f3ns xerais<\/h4>\n
Re\u00fanen un m\u00e1ximo de especies de todo o planeta, xeralmente representadas por un \u00fanico individuo, polo que se asemellan a un xard\u00edn bot\u00e1nico.<\/p>\n
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Arboretos forestais<\/h4>\n
Nestes a variedade de especies \u00e9 moito menor, re\u00fanen exemplares de variedades dun n\u00famero limitado de especies con vocaci\u00f3n forestal. O obxectivo \u00e9 comparar o comportamento forestal de novas especies ou variedades para a s\u00faa futura introduci\u00f3n e produci\u00f3n. O arboreto da estaci\u00f3n fitopatol\u00f3xica de Galicia \u00e9 un exemplo coas s\u00faas magn\u00edficas colecci\u00f3ns de pi\u00f1eiros e eucaliptos.<\/p>\n
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Arboretos paisax\u00edsticos<\/h4>\n
Con colecci\u00f3ns adaptadas ao bi\u00f3topo do lugar e que valoriza a dimensi\u00f3n paisax\u00edstica na elecci\u00f3n e na repartici\u00f3n das especies e variedades representadas. Este tipo de arboretos, o m\u00e1is frecuente na actualidade, reduce ao m\u00e1ximo as actuaci\u00f3ns de xardiner\u00eda e introduce plantas vasculares dun bi\u00f3topo determinado. Neste modelo int\u00e9grase o Arboretum de Galicia.<\/strong><\/p>\n
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Arboretos tem\u00e1ticos<\/h4>\n
Re\u00fanen colecci\u00f3ns de variedades dunha mesma especie co obxectivo de constitu\u00edr un observatorio e un conservatorio da diversidade desa especie.<\/p>\n
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Para que serve un arboreto?<\/h2>\n
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Reserva da biodiversidade<\/h3>\n
As colecci\u00f3ns vivas nun arboreto p\u00f3dense definir como \u00e1rbores que medran cun prop\u00f3sito. Os cient\u00edficos e investigadores poden estudar estas \u00e1rbores, aprender como medran e entender que se precisa para mantelas seguras e saudables. Ademais, estas colecci\u00f3ns de \u00e1rbores poden servir como reservas de diversidade xen\u00e9tica.<\/p>\n
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Centro de observaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica<\/h3>\n
Un arboreto \u00e9 unha ferramenta cient\u00edfica que lles permite a bot\u00e1nicos e forestais, entre outros, utilizar este lugar como un laboratorio para a observaci\u00f3n e a comparaci\u00f3n de plantas de diversas zonas.<\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.7″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bb|600|||||||\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_3_font_size=\u00bb26px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||23px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n
Para aprender<\/span><\/h3>\n
Un arboreto ten unha funci\u00f3n educativa e acolle un amplo p\u00fablico, desde o especialista ao paseante m\u00e1is novizo, e ofr\u00e9celle a posibilidade de observar, reco\u00f1ecer e comparar diferentes especies, variedades e cultivos de plantas le\u00f1osas.<\/span><\/p>\n
[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.9.7″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bb|600|||||||\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb25px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_3_font_size=\u00bb26px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb||23px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb theme_builder_area=\u00bbpost_content\u00bb]<\/p>\n
Para gozar<\/span><\/h3>\n
Un arboreto \u00e9 un espazo natural aberto aos paseantes que desexan gozar dun lugar libre de contaminaci\u00f3n e beneficiarse do marco m\u00edtico das \u00e1rbores e do bosque.<\/span><\/p>\n
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Reflexi\u00f3n final<\/h2>\n
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O Arboretum de Galicia xorde como proxecto privado a finais de 2010, coa compra dun bosque de caducifolios (carballos, casti\u00f1eiros e \u00e1rbores de ribeira) e a adquisici\u00f3n progresiva de novas parcelas veci\u00f1as. Foi necesario realizar importantes traballos para eliminar especies es\u00f3xenas e invasoras, reconstru\u00edr presas, rueiros, cami\u00f1os rurais, h\u00f3rreos e mu\u00ed\u00f1os.<\/h4>\n
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Un arboreto significa, para o especialista e para o profano, un enriquecemento do bosque conservando na medida do posible a estrutura paisax\u00edstica natural. O interese principal dun arboreto \u00e9 a presentaci\u00f3n da diversidade de especies locais de \u00e1rbores e arbustos, as\u00ed como de especies de bosques de bi\u00f3topos similares doutros continentes.<\/p>\n
Para o visitante o arboreto representa un lugar de formaci\u00f3n. Un arboreto presenta, ademais, un amplo abano de especies diversas e contrib\u00fae \u00e1 conservaci\u00f3n e ao co\u00f1ecemento de especies le\u00f1osas en perigo no seu ambiente natural.<\/p>\n
Un arboreto perm\u00edtelle ao profano a posibilidade de familiarizarse con \u00e1rbores e arbustos desco\u00f1ecidos. Estes espazos contrib\u00faen \u00e1 diversidade e enriquecen o noso \u00e1mbito paisax\u00edstico. Especies le\u00f1osas propias no pasado na nosa zona que hoxe est\u00e1n esquecidas, se reduciron ou desapareceron totalmente poden reintegrase no medio deste xeito. A diversidade dendrol\u00f3xica en rexi\u00f3ns xeogr\u00e1ficas similares, en Am\u00e9rica e en Asia do Suroeste \u00e9 extraordinariamente maior comparada coa actual en Europa. Unha das raz\u00f3ns deste diferencial de diversidade reside na posibilidade dun retorno das poboaci\u00f3ns le\u00f1osas despois dunha glaciaci\u00f3n. En Europa os macizos monta\u00f1osos desenv\u00f3lvense do leste ao oeste e iso impediu ou supuxo que fose moi dif\u00edcil un regreso de esencias le\u00f1osas despois das glaciaci\u00f3ns. Un gran n\u00famero de especies arb\u00f3reas que reintroducen hoxe en d\u00eda os arboretos europeos, como, por exemplo, a sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), a tuia (Thuja plicata), numerosos pradairos (Acer) ou o tul\u00edpero (Liriodendron tulipifera), eran com\u00fans nos nosos bosques antes das glaciaci\u00f3ns. Non se trata de introducir nos nosos bosques especies ex\u00f3ticas, sen\u00f3n de reimplantar especies que antano eran com\u00fans na nosa zona ou aquelas similares cun obxectivo pedag\u00f3xico, nunca produtivista ou expansionista. Os arboretos contrib\u00faen as\u00ed ao co\u00f1ecemento de especies ca\u00eddas no esquecemento e ao co\u00f1ecemento da diversidade de especies propias de bi\u00f3topos similares.<\/p>\n
Malia a progresiva introduci\u00f3n de novas especies e variedades de planta vascular, arbustiva, de gram\u00edneas e herb\u00e1ceas, b\u00fascase preservar o espazo rural e o ordenamento da zona sur da Terra Ch\u00e1 lucense. O proxecto inicial formulouse para dez anos de traballo antes da s\u00faa apertura ao p\u00fablico\u2026 pero estamos convencidos de que necesitaremos m\u00e1is tempo. As principais colecci\u00f3ns do Arboretum incl\u00faen especies e variedades de planta vascular do ecosistema atl\u00e1ntico moderado, principalmente caducifolias das familias dos carballos e casti\u00f1eiros, das \u00e1rbores de ribeira galaicas, de pradairos e cerdeiras etc. As colecci\u00f3ns de pradairos, cerdeiras e camelias merecen unha atenci\u00f3n particular. \n\nNon se trata de introducir especies ex\u00f3ticas nos nosos bosques sen\u00f3n de recuperar especies que antes eran habituais na nosa zona cun obxectivo pedag\u00f3xico, non produtivo ou expansionista. O arboreto contrib\u00fae as\u00ed \u00e1 divulgaci\u00f3n de especies esquecidas e ao co\u00f1ecemento da diversidade bot\u00e1nica existente en bi\u00f3topos semellantes.<\/p>\n
Hemos plantado m\u00e1s de dos mil \u00e1rboles con una \u00fanica premisa: que no se note.<\/strong> Crear un paisaje adaptado al medio es el objetivo y de ah\u00ed su complejidad.<\/p>\n
Un arboreto esixe tempo, polo que o proxecto se formula pensando en futuras xeraci\u00f3ns. S\u00f3 plantando hoxe pl\u00e1ntulas novas poderemos so\u00f1ar con grandes exemplares dentro de varios decenios.<\/p>\n
Nisto reside a dificultade e a beleza do proxecto.<\/strong><\/p>\n
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Un arboretum es un espacio natural protegido en el que se desarrollan colecciones de \u00e1rboles y plantas vasculares con una l\u00f3gica paisaj\u00edstica y con fines pedag\u00f3gicos. En su origen, los arboretums en el norte y centro de Europa jugaron un papel crucial en la aclimataci\u00f3n de plantas tra\u00eddas de otros continentes. Hoy contribuyen a preservar […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":139,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","pgc_sgb_lightbox_settings":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arboretumdegalicia.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/814"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arboretumdegalicia.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arboretumdegalicia.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arboretumdegalicia.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arboretumdegalicia.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=814"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/arboretumdegalicia.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/814\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1780,"href":"https:\/\/arboretumdegalicia.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/814\/revisions\/1780"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arboretumdegalicia.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arboretumdegalicia.com\/gl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=814"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}